Fluids and Pressure

Calculate density, mass or volume with metric and imperial units, material references and a water-density comparison.

Calculate fluid pressure at depth, gauge or absolute pressure, force on a bottom or vertical wall, and U-tube balance for common liquids.

Calculate buoyant force, displaced-fluid weight, apparent weight and float-or-sink behavior from fluid density, body volume, mass and gravity.

Calculate volumetric flow rate from area and velocity, solve velocity or pipe size, use continuity, estimate tank fill time and Torricelli orifice flow.

Calculate Reynolds number for pipe, duct, open-channel or flat-plate flow and classify laminar, transitional or turbulent regimes.

Solve Bernoulli's equation between two sections for pressure, velocity, elevation or diameter, with head terms, continuity and cavitation warnings.